TREATY OF GREENVILLE, AUGUST 3, 1795

SIGNATORIES:
Anthony "Mad Dog" Wayne
Wyandots:
Tarhe (Crane)
J. Williams, Jr.
Teyyaghtaw
Haroenyou ("half king's son")
Tehaawtorens
Awmeyeeray
Stayetah
Shateyyaronyah (Leather Lips)
Daughshuttayah
Shaawrunthe
Delawares:
Tetabokshke (Grand Glaize King)
Lemantanquis (Black King)
Wabatthoe
Maghpiway (Red Feather)
Kikthawenund (Anderson)
Bukongehelas
Peekeelund
Wellebawkeelund
Peekeetelemund (Thomas Adams)
Kishkopekund (Captain Buffalo)
Amenahehan (Captain Crow)
Queshawksey (George Washington)
Weywinquis (Billy Siscomb)
Moses
Shawanees:
Misquacoonacaw (Red Pole)
Cutthewekasaw (Black Hoof)
Kaysewaesekah
Weythapamattha
Nianymseka
Waytheah (Long Shanks)
Weyapiersenwaw (Blue Jacket)
Nequetaughaw
Hahgooseekaw (Captain Reed)
Ottawas:
Augooshaway
Keenoshameek
La Malice
Machiwetah
Thowonawa
Secaw
Chippewas:
Mashipinashiwish (Bad Bird)
Nahshogashe (from Lake Superior)
Kathawasung
Masass
Nemekass (Little Thunder)
Peshawkay (Young Ox)
Nanguey
Meenedohgeesogh
Peewanshemenogh
Weymegwas
Gobmaatick
Ottawa:
Chegonickska (from Sandusky)
Pattawatimas of the River St. Joseph:
Thupenebu
Nawac (for himself and brother Etsimethe)
Nenanseka
Keesass (Run)
Kabamasaw (for himself and brother Chisaugan)
Suggannunk
Wapmeme (White Pigeon)
Wacheness (for himself and brother Pedagoshok)
Wabshicawnaw
La Chasse
Meshegethenogh (for himself and brother Wawasek)
Hingoswash
Anewasaw
Nawbudgh
Missenogomaw
Waweegshe
Thawme (Le Blanc)
Geeque (for himself and brother Shewinse)
Pattawatimas of Huron:
Okia
Chamung
Segagewan
Nanawme (for himself and brother A. Gin)
Marchand
Wenemeac
Miamis:
Nagohquangogh (Le Gris)
Meshekunnoghquoh (Little Turtle)
Miamis and Eel Rivers:
Peejeewa (Richard Ville)
Cochkepoghtogh
Eel River Tribe:
Shamekunnesa (Soldier)
Miamis:
Wapamangwa (the White Loon)
Weas, for themselves and the Piankeshaws:
Amacunsa (Little Beaver)
Acoolatha (Little Fox)
Francis
Kickapoos and Kaskaskias:
Keeawhah
Nemighka (Josey Renard)
Paikeekanogh
Delawares of Sandusky:
Hawkinpumiska
Peyemawksey
Reyntueco (of the Six Nations living at Sandusky)

NOTE: All of the signatories signed with his x mark except Anthony Wayne.
1794: "the tomahawk [was] buried by the Indians" after their defeat "at the rapids of the Miami of the lakes, on the 20th of August" (Drake, 36) at the hands of general Wayne (38).
...in 1795 the Shawanoes were united in the treaty of Greenville, which Tecumtha said was forced on the Indians and so invalid; "that the only true boundary was the Ohio, as established in 1768" (Mooney, 45).

[The current Secretary of Defense is General James "Mad Dog" Mattis. Reincarnation of General Anthony "Mad Dog" Wayne?]

"[...] to manifest the liberality of the United States, as the great means of rendering this peace strong and perpetual; the United States relinquish their claims to all other Indian lands northward of the river Ohio, eastward of the Mississippi, and westward and southward of the Great Lakes and the waters uniting them, according to the boundary line agreed on by the United States and the king of Great Britain, in the treaty of peace made between them in the year 1783" (Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties. Vol. II. (Treaties.) Compiled and edited by Charles J. Klapper, LL. M., clerk of the Senate committee on Indian Affairs. Washington: Government Printing Office 1904).

EXCEPTIONS: 1st. "the tract of one hundred and fifty thousand acres near the rapids of the river Ohio, which has been assigned to General Clark, for the use of himself and his warriors.
2d. The post of St. Vincennes on the river Wabash, and the lands adjacent, of which the Indian title has been extinguished.
3d. The lands at all other places in possession of the French people and other white settlers among them, of which the Indian title has been extinguished as mentioned in the 3d article ... [
(1.) One piece of land six miles square at or near Loromie's store [...]
(2.) One piece two miles square at the head of the navigable water or landing on the St. Mary's river, near Girty's town.
(3.) One piece six miles square at the head of the navigable water of the Au-Glaize river.
(4.) One piece six miles square at the confluence of the Au-Glaize and Miami rivers, where Fort Defiance now stands.
(5.) One piece six miles square at or near the confluence of the rivers St. Mary's and St. Joseph's, where Fort Wayne now stands, or near it.
(6.) One piece two miles square on the Wabash river at the end of the portage from the Miami of the lake, and about eight miles westward from Fort Wayne.
(7.) One piece six miles square at the Ouatanan or old Weea towns on the Wabash river.
(8.) One piece twelve miles square at the British fort on the Miami of the lake at the foot of the rapids.
(9.) One piece six miles square at the mouth of the said river where it empties into the lake.
(10.) One piece six miles square upon Sandusky lake, where a fort formerly stood.
(11.)

"When we had smoked, he remained a long time silent, but, at last, began to tell me he had come with a message from the prophet of the Shawneese [Tenskwatawa, "The Open Door" (from skwa'te, 'a door' and the'nui, 'to be open', frequently spelled Elskwatawa)] . 'Henceforth', said he, 'the fire must never be suffered to go out in your lodge. Summer and winter, day and night, in the storm, or when it is calm, you must remember that the life in your body, and the fire in your lodge, are the same, and of the same date. If you suffer your fire to be extinguished, at that moment your life will be at its end. You must not suffer a dog to live; you must never strike either a man, a woman, a child, or a dog. The prophet himself is coming to shake hands with you; but I have come before, that you may know what is the will of the Great Spirit, communicated to us by him, and to inform you that the preservation of your life, for a single moment, depends on your entire obedience. From this time forward, we are neither to be drunk, to steal, to lie, or to go against our enemies. While we yield an entire obedience to these commands of the Great Spirit, the Sioux, even if they come to our country, will not be able to see us: we shall be protected and made happy."

"Disguise it as the pride of the white man may,
his safest security, as well as ours, is in the absence of temptation.
We are now in the midst of an exciting presidential campaign of 1896.
One of the great political parties is clamoring with pen and tongue that se-wan (the money)
in circulation is inadequate to meet the demands of the people;
and that as a result the laboring classes are struggling under na-bik-a-gan (the yoke) of poverty
in the midst of plenty, and that peace and prosperity can only be secured
by opening the mints of the United States to the free and unlimited coinage of jo-ni-ia (silver);
while the other great party is declaring just as vehemently,
that the depression complained of is not for the want of more money,
but for the lack of proper tariff reform to protect the farmers and open our mills to American labor.
[...]
No ke-ti-mesh-kig (tramps) now beg from ish-kwan dem tchi ish-kwan-dem (door to door);
all are corralled and ash-an-ge (fed) for their votes until election day comes round.
[...]
what most staggers Pokagon's daw-naw-ki nib-waw'-kawin (native reason) is how
either party can hold its peace and not throw some responsibility for trying times for the laboring classes where it justly belongs,
and openly condemn the manufacture of three billions of cigarettes
which are consumed annually in this country by little boys and those of older years,
at the expense of millions of dollars, receiving therefor only a deadly poison, want, disease,
and premature death.
The smoke of their torments blues the air,
and is breathed in at every political club room in the land without reproof. And Pokagon
is still more surprised that both of the great political parties do not cry out against
that liquid fire of nib-owin (death)
and ana-mak-amig (hell)
that is aki-gimosh-kaang-win (deluging this land of ours)
with poverty, shame, and crime, annually robbing the people of hundreds of millions of dollars
for a damning curse that leads but to the grave."

[moral degradation follows upon whiskey and violence
 "Pussy and boxing gloves," said Chico, the Mohawk iron worker, ca. 1979.]

[Mistaking it for gummy bears candy, children are eating marijuana oil candy, now readily available in marijuana dispensaries across the nation, leading to an uptick in emergency room cases.]

"The word 'freedom' resonates so widely within the common-sense understanding of Americans that it becomes 'a button that elites can press to open the door to the masses' to justify almost anything" (D. Harvey, A Brief History of Neoliberalism, 39).

"'I'm like Button-Bright; I don't know,' answered the shaggy man with a laugh. 'But I've learned from long experience that every road leads somewhere, or there wouldn't be any roads; so it's likely that if we travel long enough, my dear, we will come to some place or another in the end. What place it will be we can't guess at this moment, but we're sure to find out when we get there.'
"'Why, yes,' said Dorothy; 'that seems reas'n'ble, Shaggy Man.'"

BLUE JACKET: WEYAPIERSENWAW (Shawanoe chief)
Aug. 1794: Blue Jacket was defeated before the Treaty of Greenville by general Wayne, while Chief Little, Turtle (Miami chief) was inclined towards peace and opposed to doing battle.
7 nations fought:
Miamis
Potawatimies
Delawares
Shawanoes
Chippewas
Ottawas
Senecas

Wayne was referred to by Little Turtle as "a chief who never sleeps" [so he was not Indian, he never had a vision]
Also, "[...] something whispers me, it would be prudent to listen to his offers of peace" (Drake, 38)
Blue Jacket before the Greenville Treaty was swayed by the British to attack "the U.S.,"--by governor Simcoe who told Blue Jacket and his deputation of chiefs to Wayne at Greenville (Oct. 1794): "Children: I am still of the opinion that the Ohio is your right and title" (39).
So, the conclusion of peace was delayed until "the following summer" (39). BJ and deputation had been convinced that the English, or at least persuaded that the English, would drive the Americans back across the Ohio.
{What changed BJ's mind? -- Drake merely writes: "Little Turtle was opposed to this measure [to attack general Wayne], but being warmly supported by Blue Jacket, it was finally agreed upon" (38). Perhaps, BJ was swayed by the fact that he was indeed defeated in battle by the Americans under Wayne's command.}

1817: the Shawanoes ceded the land within the limits of the subsequent state of Ohio to the US government at the treaty held at the rapids of the Miami of the lakes, by Duncan McArthur and Lewis Cass "commissioners on the part of the United States, for extinguishing Indian titles [...]" (60).

"Pussy and boxing gloves, ... beer makes you want to fight," claimed Chico, the Mohawk iron worker who walked the girders of skyscrapers in the wind while the girders would sway side to side.
I had perched myself at the bar of Andy's Pub to calm the nerves, the pain in my body, especially the arms, in my elbows, from unloading stacks of grey plastic trays for baked goods from the trucks at Kroger's factory bakery. "Gusto" bread the hillbillies called the white bread they ate after work while drinking 3/2 beer. Graveyard shift, Columbus, Ohio. Chico and I got stoned outside, back of the bar, on some weed. My first job after I graduated with a BA in French from Ohio State.